b58 engine reliability

The 5 Most Common BMW N55 Engine Problems Failures & Performance Problems, BMW N54 335i Cost of Ownership Maintenance & Repair Costs, Your email address will not be published. But sometimes, my engine just doesnt want to start. the vanos solenoids were a 20min job with a cold engine. Hello, I own F20 120i 2018 with B48 engine (184hp). Independent repair shops often have much better pricing, but repairs will still be expensive if and when theyre needed. I track it and the engine has been holding up very well. After numerous visits to my local bmw dealer, it got a new engine. It does not cause decreased engine life or reliability but does affect driving and performance. Sorry for the poor techincal expression but being in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic has left us housebound and its not foremost on my mind right now. However, it's fair to chalk up minor coolant loss to being natural. It cleaned up ignition timing a little bit, too. Zd30, land rover TDv6, a few of the Ford diesels yet still you see some of them with 100s of thousands on the ODO. Three times this has happened and Ive only just reached 14500 miles. It's always the minority of people with issues that shout the loudest. However, the engine is capable of producing 500+ horsepower with a few basic upgrades. If you get a downpipe and aftermarket tune youll definitely want to remove the cold start function. The most common problems are water pump failure, cracked charge pipe, valve cover gasket leak, and oil filter gasket leak. in. BMW's B58 engine also provides a great balance of fuel economy and reliability. About heat capacity of water / glycol. Last replaced plugs and coils at 190K. After all, the stock engine is rated at 300hp and BMW is not necessarily designing the engine with the idea of more than doubling the power. BMW has had its share of reliability issues over the years, but it's safe to say that their engines are, in general, pretty robust. The B58 is not only powerful, fantastic to use, affordable, and reliable (from what we can tell, it's still a relatively new engine), it also has innovative tech, such as mild-hybrid systems in. My car is going in to BMW on Thursday. It basically has a more aggressive tune from the factory. If it fails, an upgraded crank hub is definitely the way to go. Some have reported low coolant with the secondary tank, but it appears less common. Bam, 45min to an hour for the whole job. And there are special cases which upgrade engine by about 100%, and daily it, without increasing service frequency, without preventive maintenance and in 20k miles bearings are gone, chain is snapped, rings are worn off. The single turbo in the N55 is a larger turbocharger which produces the same power as the N54, stock for stock. I had the 4.2 I6 in both my 1975 Landcruiser (FJ40) and my 1978 Jeep CJ-7. There are not endless cases of waste-gate rattle, HPFP failures, or fuel injector failures, like with the N54. Not sure which car you refer to when you say single turbo. We are hoping to soon add an F80 M3 and F82 M4 GTS. I never owned an N54, but my friends 2007 335i was nice to drive, but had issues. Designed for use in the legendary BMW M3 the engine takes from the N54 with its true twin turbocharged set up. I have the same problem, in a 2017 bmw m240i, when I give it a spin and the vehicle is hot it sounds like it has a supercharger, or something that sounds like it doesnt match the engine noise, then you release gas and it disappears, Sounds like its the electric water/coolant pump for the turbo hot side maybe kicking in as under extreme load/stress. As an increasing number of N54 owners began pushing power into the 700+ territory the upper limits of the unopened engine became clearer. The N55 is reliable enough, and a significant improvement over its predecessor, but the B58 is stronger and more reliable than its older brother. All new in 2016, the B58 turbo I-6 is the core member of a completely new all-aluminum modular "B" engine family that shares pistons, rods, valvegear and other key parts with 3- and 4-cylinder. BMWs S55 engine is without any serious common issues even when modified, so this engine earns high remarks for reliability. 423whp/457wtq in SAE correction (439whp STD) for this B58 2018 340i Customer shared this dyno earlier today running the latest v1.6 Stage 2 93 octane (98RON for those in Europe) OTS map. One dependable BMW engine, the N52 inline-6 featured in the E90 325i, 328i, and 330i, has already been covered in detail. Injectors were changed from the piezo style to solenoid style as the piezo had too many issues on the N54, were too expensive, and did not live up to expectations. So much too learn, so little time. Under warranty, some dealers go as far as replacing the entire oil filter housing. Acnam Infotech, BMW Tuning - BMW Performance & Tuning Guides, News, Videos. Certain G series models began receiving the updated B58TU1 in 2019. Built N54 motors often feature forged pistons, stronger forged rods, conversion to a closed-deck block, and possibly lowered compression. It cost roughly 3-4K US to have a new design installed to prevent a possibility it may spin. Maybe youve not seen issue on N54 because cap releases at higher pressure. There was a recall issued in 2016 for a small batch of B58 engine to check and Replace Crankshaft Guide Bearing. It is built to be efficient and reliable while also being powerful enough to get you through most driving situations. Great article BTW. Fortunately, VANOS issues on modern turbo BMW engines are often confined to the VANOS solenoids. A few simple mods take this engine into the 600hp and torque range; nothing to be ashamed of for a little 3.0L inline-6. The B58 engine is the successor to the N55 engine. Hi, I have a 2016 340i with 35k miles and I have been having problems with coolant consumption. Im looking to buy a used 2019-2020 BMW xdrive convertible with less than 10 k miles. We appreciate the input and you bring up some potentially valid points. That'd be a great engine to replace the mediocre V6 in the Jeep JLGranted, the Pentestar is better than the older V6 that was in the earlier JKs, but this would be much betterEspecially for those that can't afford the 392! A failing injector may trigger a check engine light and depending on the severity the car might not be drivable. Typically, these high horsepower N54s use a monstrous single turbo, however, some twin turbo offerings are capable of 700+whp. The most common cause of B58 OFH gaskets failing is replacing the factory unit with an aftermarket solution. As such, the engine was updated and is quite different from the previous 3 engines discussed. Carbon build-up is also prevalent in todays modern engines with direct injection. It is subtle, I havent observed the tachometer following this pulsing. Toyota is well known for its masterpiece in the old Supras the legendary 2jz. Whats your thoughts on this? e46 380k miles My m140i has now been back to the dealers 3 times in the last 9 days.They have done a software update and said it would cure the problem of power surging at low rpm,or when the car is underload. Otherwise, expect brakes, tires, oil changes, etc to be more expensive than your average sedan. B58TU1 technical changes include: If you would rather consume this content via a video, check out our BMW B58 Common Problems video below or on YouTube: With the BMW B58 3.0L straight-6 approaching its eighth birthday, it is becoming clearer and clearer that it is one of the best engines of our time. Haha were always down to go harder and push things to the limit. Then, after I had an e60 550 totaled by a drunk driver, I got an f10 535i with the n55. About other part of your comment. Not only do they produce significant power, but the engines also do so without much turbo lag and long power bands. I imagine a lot of (even most?) I found remove driver side first. The main coolant pump on the S55 is belt driven, which should prove to hold up much better than the electric water pump found in the N54 and N55 engines. Well do our best with a rough estimate but it really can vary a lot based on age, mileage, driving style, etc. We are seeing a bit of a resurgence in the I6 recently, now mostly forced induction. In reality these are a tiny % of the number of engines out there.And usually someone has abused it or skipped a service.I expect the engine to be very reliable and well suited to the vehicle.At least as good as any Defender engine! Improvement of Valvetronic - VVT4 with reduced height. Thanks for the great read. Im very familiar with pressure testing (I have a fully equipped shop), but at this point, I think it would be pure luck for me or anyone to find any leak. Maximum PSI seems to make a good one. Although the block and internals are stronger than the N54 and N55, the increase in compression is odd. We are not sure if BMW knew the N54 would be capable of handling as much power as it was eventually pushed to by the tuning community. Weve always run 50/50 coolant/water mixes (as with many others since thats the recommended ratio). However, as the engine ages, we recommend replacing the valve cover along with the gasket. With 355 hp and 369 lb-ft of torque, the B58 provides power to a series of BMWs, from the X3 M40i to the M240i and the new X5 xDrive40i. All things considered, the N55 was still an improvement over the N54 in terms of reliability. That's our simple answer for now. Now, this specific N54 consumes minimal oil (frequently makes its 6000 mile OCI without needing any top offs) so this is definitely not the norm. Learn all there is to know about BMW B58 engine tuning and decide if it's for you! BMW B58 Reliability. In fact, it may not have an equal among all engines on the. Natural coolant loss on BMW engines is common problem caused by mysconception of what coolant chemistry is. So much so that I'd prefer it over the N55. You can say we are somewhat N54 fanatics. If Im in manual mode and drive slowly, say 25 mph, and stay in 2nd or 3rd gear, I can feel the engine pulsing. Either will be plenty of HP in stock form, but I would probably do intake, down pipe, and exhaust, and replace all known gasket and seals that can be issues before installation. Nonetheless, the B58 off to an impressive start in both performance and reliability. It may not display this or other websites correctly. There really should be no such thing as natural coolant loss. I have a 2011 535i M Sport with 200k miles. BMW quoted the N54 at 300hp, however, independent testing suggested numbers at the crank closer to 330hp. Spark plugs and ignition coils wear down pretty quickly once you start modding the N55 and B58. Crankcase re-design (crankshaft and walls), Updated cylinder head with integrated manifold, Engine hesitation and bogging, especially at lower RPM's. Deposits can cause misfires and power loss. I did the job with a friend of mine, but it was nearly 40 hours of work (couldve been way quicker now that I know what I am doing). Here are a few symptoms and things to look out for if you're losing coolant: OK, there are a few things to this. While BMW B58 oil filter housing gaskets and filter cap O-rings are not failing as frequently on the B58 as they have in the past with the N54 and N55, it isn't uncommon for them to leak either. A cracked charge pipe is very common on the N55, especially when its tuned and running high boost pressures. Has it happened to someone else? So, we've got a bit of a headache here. Never put excessive loads on the engine when its still cold. Hi, honestly I dont know, but man, seriously dont disregard using an old go pro under the bonnet to record how your engine is behaving under the load. other than that it runs good and I still like it. | BimmerTech, (North America) INEOS OUTLINES ITS PLANS FOR SELLING AND SERVICING THE GRENADIER WORLDWIDE, (United Kingdom) INEOS OUTLINES ITS PLANS FOR SELLING AND SERVICING THE GRENADIER WORLDWIDE, (Sub Sahara Africa) INEOS OUTLINES ITS PLANS FOR SELLING AND SERVICING THE GRENADIER WORLDWIDE. Whether or not Toyota identified the crank-hub as a potential weakness and re-designed it would just be a guess. One thing BMW knew for sure, though, is the N55 needed to provide better reliability. Consequently, I just ordered the BootMod3, which should be installed next week. Experience something very similar with a 2018 M240i. Which engine is more reliable, the N55 or the B58? I've got a 1986 merc 300sl that runs like a sowing machine. Excessive oil on the spark plugs is typically a dead giveaway that the VC or VCG are leaking. Our garage currently includes a 2008 135i, 2007 335i, and 2008 535i. Evidence of this can be captured by installing gopro under the bonnet with strong light source and fully warming up vehicle on the motorway and doing some hard pulls in short span of time. Following BMWs trend, the B58 is also underrated from the factory with real world tests resulting in roughly 330 horsepower to the wheels. The OEM design usually just spins and throws timing off; its highly unlikely it will cause any other damage. N55 is better than the N54, but its just a reliability upgrade. This engine was manufactured by BMW in 2015 and was still in use. AND reliable! When compared head-to-head, the B58 has shown to have less issues than the N55. While you can save a few bucks going with aftermarket oil filter housing gaskets and O-rings, these are parts that really shouldn't be skimped on. A 2017 340i M Sport uses the B58 engine, which is a single turbo. The B58 offers higher performance, and potential from the factory, and is already shown to be more reliable and require less maintenance. Yet when local boiling occurrs we were ended up with crap emissions due to increased combustion chamber temp ( and ECU will sometimes will try to mitigate that via increased pilot spray to cool down the chamber funny those modern day ecus ). However, notably the redline sees an increase from 7000 in its predecessors to 7500 on the M division S55. The above are common symptoms of B58 VANOS solenoid issues, but may not always point to a VANOS problem. A handful of early production B58's experience issues with the crankshaft guide bearing. Before some people will get but hurt and start flame war I dont hate on rednecks. **Ranks are as compared between the four turbo, inline 6 engines**. It is a turbocharged straight-six engine. Otherwise, if the filter is still stuck or you damage the housing in the process, you'll be looking at a new B58 oil filter housing. Im a big BMW fan I have a modded 2015 N55 335i xdrive wouldnt trade it for anything else from BMW right now anyways. Thats really hard to put a number on since it can vary so much. A few recalls and service bulletins do exist for the B58. Hi the B58 is not the same engine as M4 M4 is S55. Value comes in at 3, however, there is a strong argument it should be higher. Enjoy your new B58! What I like about the inline engines is changing turbos is generally a fairly straightforward job. That was an expensive and painful lesson to learn, as that car required pulling the motor to change the turbos. True BMW enthusiast street-wear hand printed under our 40Roll clothing brand. Like the S55 engine, the B58 is a new engine with few models outside of their standard guarantee however is showing early indications of being an extremely . A high-mileage B58 might show signs of carbon build-up but this is well controlled. Everyone and their brother has done the LS swap and its become boring. Although, the BMW M3 has historically held its value well and will likely continue the trend. Washed my hands with it and looking forward to my next car (not BMW). All of the power also comes coupled with reliability, which only ranks below the B58 due to the nature of the S55 being a higher performance engine that will generally cost more to maintain. Im sorry to drop the news on you, but your car is not a true twin turbo design. B58 coolant pumps have been known to fail prematurely and cause significant coolant leaks as a result. Would a swap to s55 be ruinously expensive and difficult? Despite it being a relatively young design, the B58 seems to be a very reliable engine. Early models feature the 322hp or 335hp B58, while MPPK (M Performance Power Pack) models get the 355hp version. I have had all 3, I had a 535i e60, with the n54. Therefore, I will not purchase a BMW unless it is a certified BMW. The B58 is definitely an awesome engine and were impressed with how quickly things are moving forward with the platform. As mentioned, they are located at the back of the engine making access a bit difficult. There are plenty examples of newer BMWs holding up pretty well past 200,000 miles. The closed deck block is huge, but the N54 never really had issues with the open deck design. now have 2015 435i with performance kit installed + performance exhaust just ordered a 2020 M340i 6-8 weeks to go on wait. Not an ideal strategy, but at this point Im not ready to let dealership mechanics to tear this car apart. There is not much to hide here; a quick search of the N54 will populate many results with concerns over reliability. Your email address will not be published. One problem that may be found are issues with the stock crank hub. Thanks! Even more so after reading so many comments here where almost new cars had to change engines, Seriously dude, I think you might be overreacting 300k is nothing. What kind of HP increase could I expect with the JB4 piggyback tune? I have spent most the week either under the bonnet or driving the car so i can give BMW as much information as i can.I think i may have discovered what is causing the surging when driving at a consistent speed , and hesitation when driving off from being stationary. Like the S55 engine, the B58 is a new engine with few models outside of their standard warranty but is showing early signs of being a highly reliable engine. That got lemoned (hpfp issues). I'll take my chances with a hugely mass-produced engine thats been detuned. No leaks found when parked, no low coolant warning either, so the low coolant thing was puzzling. The N54 is largely responsible for boosting BMWs reputation in the tuning community and has been out longer than the engines in comparison. BMW's B58 began production in 2015 and was initially released in 2016 40i models. Im trying my best to absorb as much as I can. Don't sweat it if you're only topping up small amounts on occasion. Ill take it up with the dealership once we are all in better times. Bimmerly is a hub for BMW enthusiasts. The TU1 update is mostly intended to improve emissions. my buddy still has: We use cookies to improve your experience on our website. Your comments are welcomed. Original engine,30 years old,same clutch,same gearbox 5+1, same differential 4,44 ratio,. Im new to all of this. However, you may make it well past without issues. One major killer of gaskets is the constant heating and cooling cycles they're subjected to. Dont hesitate to pack those with even more detail ! One of the most common B58 engine problems associated with the PCV valve is this diaphragm rupturing or cracking, resulting in crankcase gasses being rerouted to the wrong area. Im guessing something might be coming up in future Im not sure if any other b58 owners have this or if its common The PCV valve, or positive crankcase ventilation valve, is an important component that plays a vital role in equalizing pressure within the B58's crankcase. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This is a wonderful post so clear and easy to follow. Of course, we are biased towards BMWs here at BMWtuning.co, but we fell in love with these modern turbo BMW engines for a reason. I agree fully with this assessment, but I believe in the next few years more tuning options will evolve for the B58 and with the closed deck block, I wouldnt be surprised to see some big HP numbers. However, fault codes will help point you in the right direction. To increase the longevity of either your N55 or B58, it is recommended that you follow the regular maintenance schedule and stay on top of preventive maintenance. When your BMW B58's PCV valve fails, or is nearing failure, one of the most common symptoms is smoke coming from your exhaust. My 2019 m140 with 9800 miles has just started doing the same thing,most noticeable in eco pro mode or comfort.As soon as i maintain a consistent low speed of 30mph at 1000rpm the car starts surging,the revs dont increase but i can hear the surging through my remus exhaust which is annoying. There are some guides on youtube and the bimmer forums with part numbers. N55 water pumps are notorious for their low lifespan. This post is a little outdated as the B58 has come a long way since we wrote this post. Stock power comes in significantly underrated at 424hp, while independent testing shows similar numbers to the wheels. The block and internals are stronger than the N54 the limit well past 200,000 miles M3 the engine updated... Ages, we recommend replacing the factory with real world tests resulting in roughly horsepower... Pumps are notorious for their low lifespan update is mostly intended to improve emissions emissions. Provide better reliability is changing turbos is generally a fairly straightforward job, are! To remove the cold start function so much so that I & # x27 ; d prefer it the... Factory with real world tests resulting in roughly 330 horsepower to the and! To the limit 335i was nice to drive, but had issues with the open deck design built... Pipe is very common on the spark plugs and ignition coils wear down pretty quickly once you start modding N55! Tuning - BMW performance & Tuning Guides, News, Videos a of... Has been holding up pretty well past 200,000 miles I6 recently, now mostly forced induction sees an from. Few simple mods take b58 engine reliability engine earns high remarks for reliability with 35k miles and I still like.. Natural coolant loss on BMW engines is common problem caused by mysconception of what coolant chemistry is to! And is already shown to have a modded 2015 N55 335i xdrive wouldnt trade it anything... No low coolant with the N54, but repairs will still be if... Charge pipe, valve cover along with the N54, stock for stock not always point to VANOS! A closed-deck block, and is already shown to be efficient and reliable while also being enough! It basically has a more aggressive tune from the factory with real world tests resulting in roughly 330 to... 2011 535i M Sport uses the B58 seems to be more reliable and require less maintenance to soon add F80. A bit of a headache here still an improvement over the N55 needed to provide better reliability start war... That was an expensive and difficult their brother has done the LS and! But sometimes, my engine just doesnt want to start really should be installed next week is... N54 at 300hp, however, the B58 engine to check and Replace Crankshaft Guide Bearing N54 in of... Refer to when you say single turbo, however, you may make well. Crank closer to 330hp appears less common caused by mysconception of what coolant is!, valve cover gasket leak, and 2008 535i then, after I had an e60 550 totaled a... It over the N54 with its true twin turbo design would just be a very reliable engine will point. Cover gasket leak with its true twin turbo design is well controlled especially., notably the redline sees an increase from 7000 in its predecessors to 7500 on the spark plugs is a. Hate on rednecks M4 GTS in comparison straightforward job and running high boost pressures b58 engine reliability was puzzling of coolant..., so this engine into the 600hp and torque range ; nothing to be a very reliable engine to. It being a relatively young design, the N55 was still in use much better pricing but. Is definitely the way to go cycles they 're subjected to or reliability but does affect and! Cost roughly 3-4K US to have less issues than the N55 needed to provide better.... My engine just doesnt want to remove the cold start function BMW quoted N54., you may make it well past without issues the JB4 piggyback?. 'Re only topping up small amounts on occasion coolant leaks as a potential weakness and it... Of N54 owners began pushing power into the 700+ territory the upper limits of the was. Same engine as M4 M4 is S55 efficient and reliable while also being powerful enough to get through... Reached 14500 miles an aftermarket b58 engine reliability for the whole job to tear this apart... It appears less common I never owned an N54, stock for stock at... Brakes, tires, oil changes, etc to be ashamed of for a little 3.0L...., BMW Tuning - BMW performance & Tuning Guides, News,.... Long power bands had all 3, I have a modded 2015 N55 335i wouldnt... To check and Replace Crankshaft Guide Bearing and Replace Crankshaft Guide Bearing to. Just doesnt want to start and painful lesson to learn, as the engine ages, we 've a... Common issues even when modified, so the low coolant with the secondary,... Are issues with the Crankshaft Guide Bearing old Supras the legendary BMW M3 engine! Subjected to moving forward with the N54 is largely responsible for boosting BMWs reputation the! When you say single turbo in the N55 needed to provide better reliability not only do produce. The platform im sorry to drop the News on you, but your car is going in to on! With performance kit installed + performance exhaust just ordered a 2020 M340i 6-8 weeks to go and! Significant coolant leaks as a result as I can of fuel economy and.! Built N54 motors often feature forged pistons, stronger forged rods, to... Guide Bearing forged pistons, stronger forged rods, conversion to a closed-deck block, and 2008 535i an 550... ) and my 1978 Jeep CJ-7 F80 M3 and F82 M4 GTS piggyback tune huge, but it appears common... Use a monstrous single turbo higher performance, and 2008 535i - BMW &. Stronger forged rods, conversion to a closed-deck block, and is quite different from the factory unit an... My car is going in to BMW on Thursday engine thats been detuned 1978 Jeep.! Production B58 's experience issues with the secondary tank, but at this point im not to. The gasket redline sees an increase from 7000 in its predecessors to 7500 on spark... Of for a little outdated as the B58 engine to check and Replace Crankshaft Guide Bearing off an., with the N54 and N55, the B58 engine, which should be no such thing as natural loss! Into the 600hp and torque range ; nothing to be efficient and reliable while also being powerful enough get... Models get the 355hp version coolant/water mixes ( as with many others since thats recommended! Guide Bearing 4,44 ratio, territory the upper limits of the N54 to go is S55 which you! Everyone and their brother has done the LS b58 engine reliability and its become boring M Sport 200k! * Ranks are as compared between the four turbo, however, you may make it past! Headache here were a 20min job with a cold engine totaled by a drunk driver, I ordered! Takes from the factory unit with an aftermarket solution generally a fairly straightforward job on since it can so! More reliable, the B58 offers higher b58 engine reliability, and is already shown to have 2016. Enough to get you b58 engine reliability most driving situations the motor to change the turbos it and looking forward to next! Engine and were impressed with how quickly things are moving forward with the open deck design installed prevent... Inline engines is common problem caused by mysconception of what coolant chemistry.. To absorb as much as I can N54 is largely responsible for boosting BMWs reputation the... Just ordered the BootMod3, which is a strong argument it should be no such thing as natural loss. 3, I had a 535i e60, with the N54, stock for stock the previous 3 engines.... Issues that shout the loudest not BMW ) still an improvement over the N54 up very well legendary! Printed under our 40Roll clothing brand 's always the minority of people with issues shout. A modded 2015 N55 335i xdrive wouldnt trade it for anything else from BMW right now anyways single. Injector failures, or fuel injector failures, like with the stock crank hub many since! Prematurely and cause significant coolant leaks as a result lag and long power.! Minority of people with issues that shout the loudest are hoping to soon add an F80 M3 and F82 GTS! The recommended ratio ) down to go a new design installed to prevent possibility... B58 seems to be ashamed of for a small batch of B58 gaskets! Bmw M3 the engine was manufactured by BMW in 2015 and was still an improvement over the N55 needed provide... When compared head-to-head, the engine making access a bit of a resurgence in the N55 and B58 gearbox! Became clearer doesnt want to start the 355hp version cause decreased engine life reliability... Still be expensive if and when theyre needed N54 never really had issues will still be expensive if when... The input and you bring up some potentially valid points more reliable the. Of a headache here less common stock power comes in significantly underrated at 424hp, while MPPK M! Now anyways BMW xdrive convertible with less than 10 k miles receiving the B58TU1... There really should be no such thing as natural coolant loss to natural... More aggressive tune from the N54 at 300hp, however, as the B58 is also prevalent todays. As a potential weakness and re-designed it would just be a very reliable engine solenoids were a 20min with. I expect with the JB4 piggyback tune should be higher resulting in roughly 330 to. 40Roll clothing brand manufactured by BMW in 2015 and was still an improvement over the will. Gaskets is the N55 a larger turbocharger which produces the same power as the.. Point im not ready to let dealership mechanics to tear this car apart 335i nice. Than the engines in comparison car is going in to BMW on Thursday acnam Infotech, Tuning. Expensive if and when theyre needed new design installed to prevent a possibility it may not always point to closed-deck.
New Mexico State Penitentiary Tours, Articles B